Section 1  Checking content awareness of the course:

I. Complete the following items by providing the information based on the course book.

1. Unit 1 is entitled “ Awareness of Our Language”. “Our language” refers to _________. (human language in general)

2. The emperor’s words were powerful, not because they had ______ power, but because the emperor had ______. (magic, social and political power)

3. According to the author, the language you utter is both yours and not yours.  It is yours because _______, and it is not yours because _______. (you are responsible for what you have uttered, language belongs to the speech community, not to any individual speaker)

4. According to the author, _____ and _____ are the two major physical aspects of language. (speech, writing)

5. In the written form of communication, there are two fundamental skills involved: _____ and ____, whereas in the oral form of communication, there are also two fundamental skills: _____ and _____. (writing, reading; speaking, listening)

6. Everyday we have to cope with all sorts of relations. According to the author, the interpersonal relation are largely _____.(managed through language)

7. According to the author, we live not in one world, but in three world:_______. (the material world, the subjective world, and the symbolic world)

8. In Unit 3, the author seems to suggest that the fact that readers find linguistics difficult to understand is largely because ______. (language is abstract in nature)

9. According to the author our experiences of the world are not chaotic, but _____ through ____. (organized, categorization)

10.  According to the author, the best approach to linguistics is not learning it by rote, but _____. (learning it by doing it)

11. Activity 1 of Unit 1 Professor Guide delivered a public lecture entitled “Be Grateful to Language”. The key message Professor Guide wanted to drive home is _____.(Other animals cannot learn human language.  Human beings owe civilized and meaningful life to language.)

12. There are two of the most common ways of representing language:________. (Speech and writing)

13. According to the author, of the 10 units, the most difficult one is Unit 3.  Give the reason why the author says so.  (Unit 3 deals with the symbolic nature of language.  It is the abstract existence of language.)

14. Unit 4 deals with issue of how we use language to organize our experiences of the material world.  According to the author what do we do with language when we see an animal such as a pig?  (We use the words like pig or zhu(猪) to capture our experience of the animal.

15. Unit 5 is concerned with the function of doing things with language.  There is a technical term for doing things with language. It is ______. (speech act)

16. Everyday we have to cope with all sort of relations.  According to the author one of the important ways we do so is _____. (through language)

17. The talk the teacher gives in class is technically called _____. (classroom discourse)

18. When a new nation is born, one of its first things it does is ______. (to choose its national language.)

19. According to the author our brain is divided into two hemispheres.  Language functions are mainly located in _______. (left hemisphere)

20. In the course you are asked to do many tasks.  All the tasks fall into different types.  What are the main task types?  (awareness task, understanding task, analytic task)

21. Activity 2 of Unit 3 is entitled “ An Anatomy of the Word”. The key issue dealt with is _____. (what makes a word a word)

22. According to the author, the best way to study linguistics is _____. (that you learn it by actually doing it yourself)

II. Choose those words or phrases that best complete the missing items.  Note that there are more words or phrases than necessary.

A.

picture	great	Conceptual meaning
Affective meaning	How to do things with words	Metaphorical extension
speech	Local accent	hedge

1. Words are often attached with ______.  (affected meaning)

2. 系头 is an example _____ in the use of language. (metaphorical extension)

3. J. L. Austin was well known for his posthumous work _____. (How to Do Things with Words)

4. In the sentence “It may be the case that the Italian football team won the match”, the italicized part is called _____. (hedge)

5. Song Qin tried to hide her ____ because it might betray her identity. (local accent)

B.

statement	Gun and powder	picture	Great
Human civilization	Articulatory phonetics	Phonological writings	Speech
pictographic	Conventions	writing	ideographic

6. Language is a dialect with _______. (gun and powder)

7. The task of ____ is to provide a detailed account of how sounds are produced.  (articulatory phonetics)

8. _______ refer to those _____ systems that have a close connection with the way languages are pronounced. (Phonological writings, writing)

9. Chinese writing is _______, rather than _______. (ideographic, pictographic)

10. Words do not stand for things through _____ consciously made by man. (conventions)

C.

Conventions	egressive airflow	genius	great
human civilization	names	social	speech
Words	women

11. Language is as old as _____. (human civilization)

12. It is wrong to assume that _____ are the persons so named. (names)

13. _____ is only one of the ways that represent language. (Speech)

14. Most of speech sounds are produced by _____. Only a few are uttered by ingressive airflow. (egressive airflow)

15. Words do not stand for things through ______ consciously made by man .

( conventions )